What Are the Five Components of Physical Fitness
There are five primary components of physical fitness that represent the five areas of physicality, which all components should be worked in order to optimize the process of remaining fit. The five components of physical fitness are: Muscular Strength, Muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility and body composition.
Muscular Strength is where the greatest amount of force a muscle will exert in one single effort of an exercise. For example, the ‘max’ muscular strength can be tested with one single maximum lift. Working on strong muscular strength does not mean having to be muscle bound. All muscular strength means is to have good support for the skeleton structure, shape, tone and good posture.
Muscular Endurance is the ability of muscles to repeatedly perform an exercise with sub-maximal force for an extended amount of time. Bench pressing is a good field test for muscular endurance by using about 40 percent of your body weight and counting how many times it can be lifted repetitively. Muscular endurance is so the muscles can work for long periods without getting tired.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance is the efficiency that the body delivers oxygen and needed nutrients for muscular activity so there is an ease of removing waste products from the cells. The treadmill stress test is a good test to take if you are at the doctors. Aerobic exercise is another vital exercise with which to create a strong, healthy heart, and a greater lung capacity, which in turn creates the foundation for a fit and healthy lifestyle.
Flexibility is the ability of joints in the body to move through their full potential range of movement. Flexibility is one of the most overlooked of the 5 components of physical fitness; it is just a vital to the bodies overall fitness, maybe even more so than the other 4 components. Stretching provides for a more agile body and will reduce the muscle tension associated with a hard workout. Flexibility also will reduce joint issues and tension headaches.
Finally, Body Composition is the percentage of a persons body fat in relation to their total body mass. Body composition is measured by using a body fat test. The best method is doing the 3, 4, or 7 site skin fold test using specifically designed skin fold calipers.
It’s recommend that one should identify a test for each of the five components and conduct those tests to find a baseline set of data, which will show where the current fitness level is and where to work on improving the five components of physical fitness as needed in order to maximize each one to their full potential.
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